Understanding OPIOID PAIN Medications

Commonly used medications: Morphine, Norco, Oxycodone, Hydrocodone, Fentanyl, Methadone.

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How these medications help

Opioids are commonly used in hospice care to improve comfort and quality of life

They decreases pain

With less pain you can be more active

They can decrease shortness of breath and reduce the sensation of "air hunger", helping one to feel more comfortable

How to take

  • Taken by mouth
  • Opioids are often given on a regular schedule to prevent pain (usually every 4-6 hours)
  • Your nurse will let you know how many times per day they can be taken
  • There is often a schedule in place for how to take for 'breakthrough' pain

How quickly will they work

  • They can start working in about 30 MINUTES
  • There is a liquid preparation of morphine and methadone that can work faster

Side Effects

  • Unintended ability to wake up or stay awake

  • ⚠️ Opioids almost always cause constipation. A daily laxative is usually needed unless your hospice team advises otherwise.

  • Generalized itching (pruritus) can occur and this generally does not indicate an allergic reaction. Most common with Morphine

  • Nausea, which usually resides in a few days after starting

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